MH17 Ukraine disaster: Dutch Safety Board blames missile
荷兰认定马航 MH17航班系被导弹击落

荷兰安全委员会13日公布MH17航班空难调查报告说，空难系因一枚导弹在驾驶舱左上方爆炸导致的。同日，俄罗斯防空武器制造商金刚石－安泰公司召开新闻发布会表示，该航班是在被乌克兰军队控制的地区被导弹击落的。

荷兰安全委员会发布的报告说，2014年7月17日格林尼治时间13时20分，MH17航班飞行至乌克兰东部上空时，一枚携带有9N314M弹头的导弹在驾驶舱左上方爆炸。数百片高能量物体击穿飞机前舱，三名机组成员瞬间死亡，客机在空中解体，机上298人全部罹难，飞机残骸散落面积达50平方公里。调查人员排除了飞机内部发生爆炸或客机遭遇空对空导弹袭击的可能。
Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 crashed as a result of a Russian-made Buk missile, the Dutch Safety Board says.

The missile hit the front left of the plane causing other parts to break off, it said in a final report into the July 2014 disaster, which killed 298 people.

The West and Ukraine say Russian-backed rebels brought down the Boeing 777, but Russia blames Ukrainian forces.

The report does not say who fired the missile, but says airspace over eastern Ukraine should have been closed.

The plane - flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur - crashed at the height of the conflict between government troops and pro-Russian separatists.

Most of the victims were Dutch - 196, including some with dual nationality. The other passengers and crew were nationals from 10 countries.

How the findings were presented
A separate Dutch-led criminal investigation is under way.

The report says the three crew members in the cockpit were killed by the missile explosion instantly.

However, it adds, it was unclear at which point the others died, and the possibility of some remaining conscious for some time during the one-and-a-half minutes it took for the plane to go down could not be ruled out.

Matching paint
Presenting its findings at the Gilze-Rijen military base in the Netherlands, the safety board showed plane parts that had been brought back from the rebel-held Donetsk region and reconstructed.

Board president Djibbe Joustra said the impact pattern could not have been caused by a meteor, an air-to-air missile or an internal explosion.

Instead, he said, a warhead carried by a surface-to-air missile had detonated above the left-hand side of the cockpit, causing structural damage.

Mr Joustra said the missile was a Buk - which experts say both Russian and Ukrainian armies possess.

He added that paint had been found on metal fragments within the plane that matched with missile fragments on the ground.

Mr Joustra also said there had been sufficient reason to close off Ukrainian airspace but Ukraine did not do that - and on the day of the crash, 160 flights flew over the area in question.(BBC)