两会热点:2016年政府工作报告要点、亮点精析
【编者按】3月5日，第十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕，国务院总理李克强作政府工作报告。2015年，中国政府的成绩单怎样？2016年，中国政府将怎样“出招儿“？李克强总理在政府工作报告中给出了务实、全面的回答。以下为现场文字实录和同声传译视频，以及本次报告的要点回顾、出现的新亮点和总理的20个金句。
总理在报告中回顾了2015年经济社会发展、介绍了“十三五“时期主要目标任务和重大举措，并列出了2016年的重点工作。以下为要点回顾。
2016年政府工作报告要点回顾
一、2015年经济社会发展
China’s Economic and Social Development in 2015
完成了全年主要目标任务；
The main tasks and targets for the year were fulfilled;
社会经济发展稳中有进，稳中有好；
Progress was achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development;
国内生产总值达到67.7万亿元，增长6.9%，在世界主要经济体中位居前列；
GDP reached 67.7 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 6.9% over 2014—a growth rate faster than that of most other major economies;
居民消费价格涨幅保持较低水平；
Consumer prices grew slowly;
城镇新增就业1312万人；
A total of 13.12 million new urban jobs were created;
服务业在国内生产总值中的比重上升到50.5%；
The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%;
消费对经济增长的贡献率达到66.4%；
The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%;
单位国内生产总值能耗下降5.6%；
Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%;
全年新登记注册企业增长21.6%，平均每天新增1.2万户。；
The number of newly registered businesses rose by 21.6%, or an average of 12,000 new businesses per day;
全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长7.4%。；
Personal disposable income per capita increased by 7.4% in real terms;
农村贫困人口减少1442万人。
The number of rural residents living in poverty was reduced by 14.42 million.
二、“十三五“时期主要目标任务和重大举措
Main Targets and tasks for The 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2016-2020)
到2020年，国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番；
Double the 2010 GDP and per capita personal income;
经济年均增长保持在6.5%以上；
Annual GDP growth: 6.5% or above;
全社会研发经费投入强度达到2.5%；
R&D spending 2.5% of GDP;
科技进步对经济增长的贡献率达到60%；
Science and technology’s contribution to economic growth: 60%;
常住人口城镇化率达到60%；
Permanent urban residents: 60% of the total population;
户籍人口城镇化率达到45%；
Registered permanent urban residents: 45% of the total population;
高铁营业里程达到3万公里，覆盖80%以上的大城市；
High-speed railways in service: 30,000 km, linking 80% of big cities;
新建改建高速公路通车里程约3万公里；
Expressways built or upgraded: 30,000 km;
实现城乡宽带网络全覆盖；
Full coverage of access to broadband networks;
加快改善生态环境；
Improvements to the environment;
- 单位国内生产总值用水量下降23%；
Water consumption per unit of GDP: down 23%;
- 单位国内生产总值能耗下降15%；
Energy consumption per unit of GDP: down 15%;
- 单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量下降18%；
Carbon dioxide emissions: down 18%;
我国现行标准下的农村贫困人口实现脱贫；
Lift all rural residents falling below the current poverty line out of poverty;
实现城镇新增就业5000万人以上；
New urban jobs: more than 50 million;
城镇棚户区住房改造2000万套。
Housing units rebuilt in rundown urban areas: 20 million.
三、2016年重点工作
Major Areas of Work for 2016
3.1 今年发展的主要预期目标
Main development targets
国内生产总值增长6.5%-7%；
GDP growth: 6.5%-7%;
居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；
CPI increase: approx. 3%;
城镇新增就业1000万人以上；
New urban jobs: more than 10 million;
城镇登记失业率4.5%以内；
Registered urban unemployment rate: within 4.5%;
进出口回稳向好；
Steady increases in imports and exports;
国际收支基本平衡；
A basic balance in international payments;
居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步；
Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;
单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上；
Energy consumption per unit of GDP: down more than 3.4%;
主要污染物排放继续减少。
Further reductions in the release of major pollutants.
3.2 宏观经济政策
Macroeconomic policies
继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策；
Implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy;
今年拟安排财政赤字2.18万亿元；
Deficit: 2.18 trillion yuan;
赤字率提高到3%；
Deficit-to-GDP ratio: 3%;
安排地方专项债券4000亿元；
Special bonds for local governments: 400 billion yuan;
继续发行地方政府置换债券；
Continue to issue local government debt – converting bonds;
全面实施营改增；
Replace business tax with VAT in all sectors;
广义货币M2预期增长13%左右；
M2 money supply growth: approx. 13%;
社会融资规模余额增长13%左右；
Aggregate financing growth: approx. 13%;
加快改革完善现代金融监管体制；
Reform the modern financial regulatory system;
保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。
Keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level.
3.3 加强供给侧结构性改革
Supply-side structural reform
继续大力削减行政审批事项；
Cancel the requirement of government review for more matters;
在部分地区试行市场准入负面清单制度；
Pilot a negative list for market access;
着力实施创新驱动发展战略；
Implement the strategy of innovation-driven development;
鼓励创业创新；
Encourage business startups and innovation;
加强知识产权保护；
Strengthen protection of intellectual property rights;
重点抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能；
Address overcapacity in the steel and coal industries;
国有企业提质增效；
Improve SOE performance;
推进国有企业股权多元化改革；
Diversify types of SOE equity;
依法平等保护各种所有制经济产权；
Protect the property rights of entities under all forms of ownership;
更好激发非公有制经济活力。
Energize the non-public sector.
3.4 深挖国内需求潜力
Domestic demand
支持发展养老、健康、家政、教育培训、文化体育等服务消费；
Support the growth of consumption in elderly care, health, housekeeping, education, training, cultural, and sports services;
壮大网络信息、智能家居、个性时尚等新兴消费；
Strengthen the growth of emerging areas of consumption such as information goods and services, smart homes, and personalized fashion;
降低部分消费品的进口关税；
Cut tariffs on some consumer goods;
增加免税店数量；
Increase the number of duty-free stores;
加速旅游业的发展；
Speed up tourism development;
完成铁路投资8000亿元以上；
Invest more than 800 billion yuan in railway construction;
公路投资1.65万亿元；
Invest 1.65 trillion yuan in road construction;
开工20项重大水利工程；
Start construction on 20 water conservancy projects;
建设水电核电、特高压输电、智能电网、油气管网、城市轨道交通等重大项目；
Develop hydropower, nuclear power, ultrahigh-voltage power transmission, smart grids, pipelines for oil and gas transmission, and urban rail transit;
完善政府和社会资本合作模式，激发社会资本参与热情。
Improve the PPP model to stimulate private investment.
推进新型城镇化
Advance new urbanization
- 加快农业转移人口市民化；
Grant urban residency to more people with rural household registration;
- 改革户籍制度；
Reform the household registration system;
- 实施居住证制度。
Implement the residence card system;
3.5 对外开放
Openning up
扎实推进“一带一路“建设；
More ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative;
促进外贸创新发展；
Promote innovation-driven development of foreign trade;
- 开展服务贸易发展试点；
Launch trials in the area of trade in services;
实施更加积极的进口政策
Adopt a more proactive import policy
- 扩大先进技术设备、关键零部件及紧缺能源原材料进口；
Increase the import of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts and components, and energy and raw materials in short supply in China;
继续放宽投资准入；
Continue to relax market access restriction on investment;
- 扩大服务业和一般制造业开放；
Further open up the service sector and the general manufacturing sector;
- 简化外商投资企业设立程序；
Simplify procedures for establishing overseas-funded enterprise;
扩大自贸实验区试点；
Establish more pilot free trade zones;
扩大国际产能合作；
Achieve greater industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries;
加快实施自由贸易区战略；
Accelerate implementation of the free trade area strategy;
商签区域全面经济伙伴关系协定；
Negotiate on the RCEP agreement;
商签中日韩自贸协定；
Negotiate on the China-Japan-ROK free trade agreement;
商签中美、中欧投资协定。
Negotiate on investment agreements between China and the United States and between China and the European Union.
3.6 加大环境治理力度
Environmental pollution management
重拳治理大气雾霾和水污染；
Control smog and water pollution;
大力发展节能环保产业；
Develop energy-saving and environmental protection industry;
加强生态安全屏障建设。
Step up ecological security.
3.7 切实保障改善民生
Improve Living Standards
着力扩大就业创业；
Promote business development and increase employment;
发展更高质量更加公平的教育；
Promote fairer access to and strengthen the quality of education;
协调推进医疗、医保、医药联动改革；
Coordinate and promote reform of medical care, medical insurance and pharmaceutical industry;
确保国家安全和公共安全；
Ensure national and public security;
推进文化改革发展；
Promote cultural reform;
加强和创新社会治理。
Strengthen and make innovations in social governance.
3.8 加强政府自身建设，提高施政能力和服务水平
Improve government image and enhance governance and service ability
坚持依法履职，把政府活动全面纳入法治轨道；
Exercise power in accordance with the law, legalizing all governmental activities;
坚持廉洁履职，深入推进反腐倡廉；
Exercise power with clean hands and further fight corruption;
坚持勤勉履职，提高执行力和公信力。
Exercise power with diligence , enhancing the government's administrative capacity and public credibility.
今年的《政府工作报告》中，“一带一路“、“三严三实“、“四个全面“、“五大发展理念“等数字化的政策和理念提法格外引人注目。以下是本次报告中的一些新亮点。
2016年政府工作报告中的新亮点
“一带一路“战略：“丝绸之路经济带“和“21世纪海上丝绸之路“
The Belt and Road Initiative: The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road
“双随机、一公开“监管：随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，及时公布查处结果
An oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results
三严三实：既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实
Three stricts and three honests: Be strict in morals, power and disciplining oneself; be honest in decisions, business and behavior
“四个全面“战略布局：全面建成小康社会是我们的战略目标，全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党是三大战略举措
The strategy of Four comprehensives: Comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively driving reform to a deeper level, comprehensively governing the country in accordance with the law, and comprehensively enforcing strict Party discipline
五大发展理念：创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念
Five development concept of innovation, harmonization, green, openness and sharing
“五位一体“总体布局：经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设
Promote all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress
质量强国、制造强国
Manufacturer of advanced and quality products
打造众创、众包、众扶、众筹平台
Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowd support, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding
天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国
A Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear
精准扶贫脱贫
Targeted poverty alleviation
供给侧结构性改革：去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板
Supply-side structural reform: Cutting overcapacity, destocking, deleveraging, reducing costs and identifying growth areas
普惠金融和绿色金融
Inclusive and green finance
大众创业，万众创新
Mass entrepreneurship and innovation
医疗、医保、医药联动改革
Coordinated reform of medical services, medical insurance, and the medicine industry
政治建军、改革强军、依法治军
Build the armed forces through political work and reform, and run them by law
2016年政府工作报告中的20个金句：
谈经济
1. 只要闯过这个关口，中国经济就一定能够浴火重生、再创辉煌。
We just have to get through this process, and we can, without question, reinvigorate the economy and ensure its dynamic growth.
2. 我们不搞“大水漫灌“式的强刺激，而是持续推动结构性改革。
Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform.
3. 着眼长远、留有后手、谋势蓄势。
Have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength.
4. 营造敢为人先，宽容失败的良好氛围。
We will foster a culture of innovation and create an enabling environment for innovation in which people venture to break new ground and failure is tolerated.
谈财政
5. 财政收入增长虽放缓，但该给群众办的实事一件也不能少。
Growth in government revenue is slowing, but when it comes to getting things done for the welfare of the people, we mustn't drop a single thing.
6. 创新财政支出方式，优化财政支出结构，该保的一定要保住，该减的一定要减下来。
We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.
7. 各级政府要坚持过紧日子，把每一笔钱都花在明处、用在实处。
Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it’s most needed.
8. 扶贫脱贫是硬任务，各级政府已经立下军令状，必须按时保质保量完成。
Poverty reduction is a must, governments at all levels have made the pledge, and it must be accomplished both qualitatively and quantitatively within the timeframe set.
谈环境
9. 新修订的环境保护法必须严格执行，对超排偷排者必须严厉打击，对姑息纵容者必须严肃追究。
We must ensure that the newly revised Environmental Protection Law is strictly enforced, that those who emit pollutants beyond the limit allowed by their permit or without a permit are severely punished, and that those who knowingly allow such violations are held to account.
10. 我们要持之以恒，建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国。
We must work to build, through tireless efforts, a Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear.
谈发展
11. 困难和挑战并不可怕。中国的发展从来都是在应对挑战中前进的，没有过不去的坎。
We will not be daunted by these problems and challenges. China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges; there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond.
12. 发展的不竭力量蕴藏在人民群众之中。9亿多劳动力、1亿多受过高等教育和有专业技能的人才，是我们最大的资源和优势。
It is the people who are the inexhaustible source of power that drives development. A workforce of over 900 million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are professionally trained, this is our greatest resource and strength.
13. 生命高于一切，安全重于泰山。
Nothing is more valuable than life, and ensuring public safety is of paramount importance.
谈执政
14. 健全督查问责机制，坚决整肃慵政懒政怠政行为，决不允许占着位子不干事。
We will improve oversight and accountability systems, root out incompetence, inertia, and negligence, and show zero tolerance to for those who are on the government payroll but do not perform their duties.
15. 始终以民之所望为施政所向
The wishes of the people should always determine the aim of our governance.
16. 以敬民之心，行简政之道
With the people in mind, we will streamline administration.
17. 为政之道，民生为本。我们要念之再三、铭之肺腑，多谋民生之利，多解民生之忧。
The best form of governance is that which puts people’s wellbeing first. We must never lose sight of this and do more to improve the lives of our people and address their concerns.
18. 重任千钧惟担当。
The most formidable tasks demand the greatest sense of mission.
19. 恪尽职守、夙夜在公，主动作为、善谋勇为。
Government workers must take an active approach to their work, carry out effective planning and decisive implementation, fulfill all their duties, and work tirelessly in service of the public.
20. 大力推行“互联网+政务服务“，实现部门间数据共享，让居民和企业少跑腿、好办事、不添堵。简除烦苛，禁察非法，使人民群众有更平等的机会和更大的创造空间。
We will carry out the "Internet Plus government services" model and promote better information sharing between government departments, so that the public and businesses need to make fewer visits to government departments to get things done, find procedures simpler, and find the service satisfactory. We will cut red tape and root out illegalities to ensure that the people have more equal opportunities and greater space for creativity.
