多图文：盘点世界十大歌剧院

Top 10 opera houses in the world

2014年，广州大剧院被《今日美国》（USA Today）评为“世界十大歌剧院”。这是亚洲剧院首次入选世界十大，与纽约大都会歌剧院、莫斯科大剧院、悉尼歌剧院等世界著名歌剧院跻身同一行列。

The Guangzhou Opera House, one of the top opera houses in all of China, has been listed as one of the 'Top 10 opera houses in the world' by USA Today recently. It is the only Chinese opera house to be featured on the list.

It is also considered to be one of China's top three national theaters, together with the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the Shanghai Grand Theatre.

The 10 opera houses on the list not only are famous for their superb facilities, including sound effects, and amazing performances, but also stand out for their spectacular architecture designs. Some of them bear classic Greek and Roman features, while others are known for their more glaring modern style.

Let's take a look at the top 10 opera houses in the world:

10、Oslo Opera House, Norway

The opera house is the second biggest piece of cultural architecture in all of Norway, only after the Nidarosdomen Cathedral built in Trondheim in the 14th century. Covering an area of 38,000 square meters, it is equal to the size of four international standard football fields. The main auditorium features a classic hoof-like shape with the most advanced equipment, offering the best in visual and sound. The Opera House won the culture award at the World Architecture Festival in Barcelona in 2008 and the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture in 2009.

9、Bolshoi Theatre, Russia

The Bolshoi Theatre is a Moscow landmark and one of the most famous theaters in the country. It focuses on opera and ballet performances. It was first built in 1776; however, it got burned down and rebuilt or renovated several times. The performance hall is glorious, using gold as its basic color scheme. The milky white classical architecture features eight Inic columns drawn up in the ancient Greek style. Above the gates stands a huge statue of Apollo riding a carriage. The whole architecture looks elegant and solemn.

8、Metropolitan Opera House, United States

Located in Broadway at Lincoln Square in New York City, the theater opened its doors in 1966, developing into a world class opera house. It features the perfect combination of modern looks, advanced technology, a traditional U-shaped auditorium and luxurious decorations, both elegant and magnificent. It is also one of the biggest opera houses in the world, accommodating 4,000 audiences. Singing on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera House is a dream for many an opera singer.

7、Bayreuth Festspielhaus, Germany

Located in north of Bayreuth, Germany, the opera house was built for the opera performances by Richard Wagner, a well-known German composer in the 19th century. The theater was designed by Wagner and architects. Although it looks normal from the exterior, its interior design is unique, featuring a grand stage and an invisible orchestra pit. The annual Bayreuth Festival, held in July and August, is a peak in the summer performances of Germany. The festival lasts five to six weeks, attracting numerous officials, business tycoons and celebrities. You will need to purchase your tickets six months in advance.

6、Chicago Civic Opera House, United States

Located at 20, North Wacker Drive in Chicago, the modern exterior of the theater merged very well with Chicago, the city known for its modern art scene. With its 3,563 seats, it is the second largest opera auditorium in the United States. It is the permanent home of the Lyric Opera of Chicago, one of the leading opera companies in the country.

5、Teatro Olimpico, Italy

Located in Vicenza of Italy, the theater was built between 1580 and 1585 by famous architect Andrea Palladio. It features the classic Renaissance style. It was made of bricks, featuring wooden decorations in the arch theater. It is one of the oldest theaters in the world, as well as one of the three Renaissance theatres still in existence. It was listed as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto in 1994.

4、Guangzhou Opera House, China

Located in Guangzhou City of China, the theater was designed by Zaha Hadid, a famous Iraqi-British architect who received the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The opera house was created with asymmetry, featuring superb sound effects. The roof was embedded with numerous light bulbs, resembling the night sky with its countless stars. It is the biggest and the best performance center in all of southern China. By the end of June, 2012, it had received 600 world class performances, including the classic operas "Tosca," "Turandot" and the more recent "Mamma Mia."

3、Amazon Theatre, Brazil

Located in Manaus, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, the theater features a Renaissance style and was built with expensive materials imported from Alsace, Scotland and Italy. It is home to the annual Amazonas Opera Festival and Amazonas Philharmonic Orchestra. The changing rooms exhibit numerous elaborate costumes, conveying the history of the venue.

2、Sydney Opera House, Australia

Located in Sydney, Australia, the theater has become one of the city's majore landmarks. Built in 1973, it is one of the most distinguished buildings of the 20th century. The shape of the theater took inspiration from shells, creating a harmonious picture with famous nearby attractions like the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It hosts over 1,500 performances each year, making it one of the most popular and busiest theaters in the world. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on June 28, 2007.

1、Palais Garnier, France

Located in Paris, capital of France, it is the largest lyric theater with 2,200 seats. It was designed by Charles Garnier in 1861, merging the characteristics of the Baroque, ancient Greek and ancient Roman styles. Inside, the venue features Baroque decorations, paintings and hanging lamps. The main color of interior is gold, showing off its extreme luxury and design. It is home to a well-known ballet company and an orchestra of nearly 1,100 performers.

（via china.org.cn）

重点词汇：

superb adj. 极好的；华丽的；宏伟的

stand out 突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对

auditorium n. 礼堂，会堂；观众席

luxurious adj. 奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的；特级的

exterior adj. 外部的；表面的；外在的/ n. 外部；表面；外型；外貌

asymmetry n. 不对称

elaborate adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的

harmonious adj. 和谐的，和睦的；协调的；悦耳的

interior n. 内部；本质/ adj. 内部的；国内的；本质的

相关中文阅读：

据悉，广州大剧院与国家大剧院、上海大剧院鼎足而三，被称为中国“三大国家级剧院”。

本文列出的世界最顶级的十大歌剧院，其魅力不仅体现在舞台表演当中，皆因它们本身就是叹为观止的充满艺术感的建筑物。当你身处其中，如痴如醉地观赏歌剧表演时，不妨也留意一下它们巧夺天工的装潢设计。

10、 挪威奥斯陆歌剧院

奥斯陆歌剧院于2008年投入使用，是继14世纪初建造于特隆赫姆（Trondheim）的尼德罗斯大教堂（Nidarosdomen Cathedral）后，挪威国内最大的文化建筑。大剧院基座的占地面积超过3万8千平米，相当于4个国际标准足球场。剧院内，每个座位后面都安装有显示屏，提供八国语言的字幕服务。

从剧院外面看，最显著的特征是白色的斜坡状石制屋顶从奥斯陆峡湾（Oslofjord）中拔地而起，游客可以在屋顶上面漫步，饱览奥斯陆的市容美景。如果您从峡湾中观看剧院，您将注意到建筑正面的太阳能电池板。事实上，这是挪威国内最大的、依靠太阳能供电满足能源需求的建筑。

奥斯陆歌剧院2008年在世界建筑节开幕式上赢得文化类大奖，2009年获得欧盟当代建筑密斯•凡•德•罗奖。

9、俄罗斯莫斯科大剧院

莫斯科大剧院是莫斯科有名的芭蕾舞与歌剧剧院，是莫斯科的标志之一。离红场很近，始建于1776年，在随后的半个世纪里剧院先后两次发生火灾。1825年，这座剧院由建筑师博维重新设计并主持修建，最终于1856年落成并一直保存至今。这是一座乳白色的古典主义建筑，门前竖立着8根高15米的古希腊伊奥尼亚式圆柱，巨大的柱廊式正门雄伟壮丽。尤其是门顶上的4驾青铜马车，由阿波罗神驾驭，气势磅礴。

8、美国纽约大都会歌剧院

大都会歌剧院，是纽约一个具有领导地位的世界级的歌剧院。大都会歌剧院的前身，是19世纪后半叶位于百老汇第39号大街与第40号大街之间的一座剧院。现在这座大都会歌剧院建成于1966年，是纽约林肯表演艺术中心的核心部分，它的建筑风格，融古典与现代于一体，规模庞大，能容纳4000多名观众，是全世界屈指可数的大剧院之一。登台纽约大都会歌剧院是世界各国歌唱家的梦想。

7、德国拜罗伊特节日剧院

拜罗伊特节日剧院，位于德国中部法朗科尼亚小镇城北的绿丘上，建于1871-1876年。该剧院是由瓦格纳和建筑师共同设计的，虽然外貌并不特别，但内部结构却非常独特。剧院有1800个座位，舞台宽大，乐池很深，观众席相对较远，根本看不见乐队，这些特点使瓦格纳歌剧的演出效果特别好，所以瓦格纳不允许他的有些剧目在别的剧院演出。

这个剧院的独特之处在于：专门建一个剧院，处处考虑到瓦格纳歌剧（特别是《尼伯龙根的指环》）演出的需要。一个剧院只演一个音乐家的作品，这在世界上所有的剧院中是极为罕见的。拜罗伊特另有一个剧院供通常演出的需要。

如今，每年7、8月间举行的专演瓦格纳歌剧的拜罗伊特文化节形成了德国夏季文化演出的一个高潮。届时，德国的政要、经济界大亨、文化界名人以及全世界瓦格纳的爱好者都将聚集在拜罗伊特。文化节为期5至6周，演出30场，最多可售票58000张，但每年欲购票者达50万之众，需提前6个月申请购票。

6、美国芝加哥市立歌剧院

芝加哥市立歌剧院位于北瓦克大街20号，拥有3563个座位，是北美第二大的剧场，仅次于纽约的大都会剧场。歌剧院所在的歌剧大楼（Civic Opera Building）拥有一个45层的办公塔楼和两座22层高的侧翼楼，建筑灵感源自法国凡尔赛宫的颓废风格，门廊内有巨大的装饰镜、裂纹紫罗兰和白色大理石，走廊墙壁上还有金叶和木质装饰。

5、意大利奥林匹克剧院

奥林匹克剧院是意大利北方维琴察市的一个剧院，建于1580-1585年。这个文艺复兴时期的剧院，由意大利建筑师安德烈亚•帕拉第奥设计，并沿用至今。剧院是一座砖建筑，内部是一个精美木头装饰的半圆形剧场，层与层间座椅（包木长凳）的高度逐渐降低，正前面是一个舞台。吊顶的高度保持一致，后来被漆成蓝色，暗示着剧场上空的蓝天。

1994年，奥林匹克剧院，连同维琴察城内外其他帕拉第奥建筑，被列为世界遗产。

4、中国广州大剧院

广州大剧院由曾获得“普利兹克建筑奖”的英籍伊拉克裔女建筑师扎哈•哈迪德设计。歌剧厅共设1804个坐席（包括乐池117个坐席），三层观众席呈“双手环抱形”，“满天星”天花板，不规整、不规则布局，打造了一个富有节奏感、独具个性的艺术厅堂。

歌剧厅内不对称的构造、流线型的墙体和特殊的凹槽，在国际顶级声学大师哈罗德•马歇尔的精妙测算下，传递出震撼而近乎完美的效果。

广州大剧院自2010年5月9日正式开幕以来，截至2012年6月已经迎来国内外高水准演出600余台，包括开幕演出《图兰朵》、世界经典歌剧《托斯卡》、世界经典音乐剧《妈妈咪呀》中文版等。

3、巴西亚马逊歌剧院

亚马逊歌剧院位于巴西北部亚马逊州首府玛瑙斯市，是玛瑙斯的标志性建筑。这里是举行一年一度的亚马逊歌剧节的地方，亚马逊管弦乐团也在此定期排练。

该剧院的建筑风格被认为是典型的文艺复兴时期建筑。屋顶上的瓦片来自阿尔萨斯，钢制墙体来自苏格兰的格拉斯哥，而卡拉拉大理石的楼梯和雕像则进口自意大利。剧院外，其圆形屋顶由巴西国旗颜色描绘的36000块装饰瓷砖覆盖。室内装饰风格则是法国的“路易十五风格”。意大利画家多梅尼科•德•安吉利斯的绘画被用于装饰观众室和礼堂的天花板。该剧院的198盏吊灯都是从意大利进口的，其中有32盏来自穆拉诺岛。

2、澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院

悉尼歌剧院位于澳大利亚新南威尔士州的首府悉尼市贝尼朗岬角，由丹麦建筑师约恩•乌赞设计，共耗时14年，斥资1200万澳币，于1973年10月20日正式竣工开幕。这座综合性的艺术中心，在现代建筑史上被认为是巨型雕塑式的典型作品，也是澳大利亚的象征性标志，2007年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

悉尼歌剧院不仅是悉尼艺术文化的殿堂，更是悉尼的灵魂，是公认的20世纪世界十大奇迹之一，是悉尼最容易被认出的建筑。从远处看，悉尼歌剧院就好像一艘正要起航的帆船，带着所有人的音乐梦想，驶向蔚蓝的海洋。从近处看，它就像一个陈放着贝壳的大展台，贝壳也争先恐后地向着太阳立正看起。

1、法国巴黎歌剧院

巴黎歌剧院又称加尼叶歌剧院，是世界上最大的抒情剧场，总面积11237平方米，拥有2200个座位。歌剧院是由查尔斯•加尼叶于1861年设计的，其建筑将古希腊罗马式柱廊、巴洛克等几种建筑形式完美地结合在一起，规模宏大，精美细致，金碧辉煌，被誉为是一座绘画、大理石和金饰交相辉映的剧院，给人以极大的享受。